Tuberculosis Treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body. The standard treatment for TB involves a combination of antibiotics taken over a period of six months to a year. The first-line drugs commonly used are isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. This combination therapy, known as DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course), is crucial to ensure the bacteria are completely eradicated and to prevent the development of drug resistance. Before beginning TB treatment, a thorough medical evaluation is essential. This evaluation includes a detailed medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as a chest X-ray and sputum culture. Understanding the patient's medical history helps identify any previous TB infections or treatments, which is crucial for determining the appropriate medication regimen. Additionally, patients are often tested for HIV, as co-infection with HIV can complicate TB treatment and requires a tailored approach.

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